*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

  :root {
    --bg: #080d20;
    --surface: #f5f6f8;
    --surface2: #eceef2;
    --border: rgba(0,0,0,0.09);
    --border2: rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
    --accent: #00ffff;
    --accent2: #0090aa;
    --text: #ffffff;
    --text-dark: #111827;
    --muted: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
    --muted-dark: #4b5563;
    --mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'SF Pro Text', 'SF Pro Display', 'Inter', 'Helvetica Neue', 'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif;
    --display: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'SF Pro Display', 'SF Pro Text', 'Inter', 'Helvetica Neue', 'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif;
  }

  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

  body {
    background: var(--bg);
    color: var(--text);
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.6;
    font-size: 15px;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    font-feature-settings: "ss01", "cv01", "cv11";
  }

  /* NAV */
  nav {
    position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 100;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 1.2rem 4rem;
    background: rgba(0,0,40,0.98);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  }
  .nav-logo {
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 1rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .nav-logo .logo-ma { color: #ffffff; }
  .nav-logo .logo-a { color: var(--accent); }
  .nav-links { display: flex; gap: 2rem; list-style: none; }
  .nav-links a {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);
    text-decoration: none;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    text-transform: none;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    padding-bottom: 0.35rem;
    transition: color 0.24s ease;
  }
  .nav-links a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 22%;
    height: 1.5px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 999px;
    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(0.35);
    transform-origin: center;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: transform 0.28s ease, width 0.28s ease, opacity 0.22s ease;
  }
  .nav-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
  }
  .nav-links a:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(1);
  }

  /* HERO */
  #hero {
    min-height: 100vh;
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: flex-end;
    padding: 0 4rem 10rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .hero-grid {
    position: absolute; inset: 0;
    z-index: 0;
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 100% 0%, rgba(8, 28, 78, 0.14) 0%, transparent 34%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 0% 100%, rgba(6, 14, 56, 0.10) 0%, transparent 44%),
      linear-gradient(135deg, #000028 0%, #01012d 52%, #050537 100%);
    transition: background 0.22s ease;
  }
  #hero .hero-tag,
  #hero h1,
  #hero .hero-desc,
  #hero .hero-ctas { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
  .hero-tag {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.8rem;
  }
  .hero-tag::before {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: 32px; height: 1px;
    background: var(--accent);
  }
  h1 {
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, 6rem);
    line-height: 0.92;
    letter-spacing: -0.032em;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    color: #ffffff;
  }
  h1 span { color: var(--accent); }
  .hero-desc {
    max-width: 520px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }
  .hero-ctas { display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: center; }
  .btn-primary {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #00ffdd 0%, #00ff88 100%);
    color: #000814;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    width: 265px;
    height: 64px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0 1.5rem;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 999px;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background 0.28s ease, color 0.28s ease, border-color 0.28s ease, box-shadow 0.28s ease, transform 0.28s ease;
  }
  .btn-primary:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #3affea 0%, #5bffb1 100%);
    color: #02101f;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0, 255, 200, 0.20);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
  .btn-outline {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--text);
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    width: 265px;
    height: 64px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0 1.5rem;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
    border-radius: 999px;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background 0.28s ease, color 0.28s ease, border-color 0.28s ease, box-shadow 0.28s ease, transform 0.28s ease;
  }
  .btn-outline:hover {
    background: #ffffff;
    color: #020b1d;
    border-color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(255,255,255,0.16);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
  .hero-stats {
    position: absolute; right: 4rem; bottom: 10rem;
    display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2rem;
    text-align: right;
  }
  .stat-val {
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    display: block;
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .stat-label {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }

  /* SECTIONS */
  section { padding: 6rem 4rem; }
  .section-header {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
  }
  .section-num {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  }
  h2 {
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }
  #about .section-header h2,
  #experience .section-header h2,
  #projects .section-header h2,
  #diplomas .section-header h2 {
    color: #0f1a40;
  }
  .section-line {
    flex: 1; height: 1px;
    background: var(--border2);
  }

  /* ABOUT */
  #about { background: var(--surface); color: var(--text-dark); }
  .about-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 5rem;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .about-text p {
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.9;
  }
  .skills-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1px;
    background: var(--border);
  }
  .skill-item {
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 1.2rem 1.4rem;
  }
  .skill-name {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    margin-bottom: 0.28rem;
  }

  .skill-cert-line {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.52rem;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .skill-cert-logo {
    height: 30px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 62px;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    opacity: 0.98;
    border-radius: 2px;
  }
  .skill-cert-text {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .skill-cert-line-lss {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.50rem;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
  }
  .skill-cert-logo-lss {
    height: 34px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 70px;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    opacity: 0.98;
    border-radius: 0;
  }
  .skill-cert-text-lss {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .skill-cert-line-gdt {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.50rem;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
  }
  .skill-cert-logo-gdt {
    height: 34px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 70px;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    opacity: 0.98;
    border-radius: 0;
  }
  .skill-cert-text-gdt {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .skill-cert-line-asme-gdt {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.50rem;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
  }
  .skill-cert-logo-asme-gdt {
    height: 34px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 70px;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    opacity: 0.98;
    border-radius: 0;
  }
  .skill-cert-text-asme-gdt {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .skill-cert-line-ansys {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.50rem;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
  }
  .skill-cert-logo-ansys {
    height: 34px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 70px;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    opacity: 0.98;
    border-radius: 0;
  }
  .skill-cert-text-ansys {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  .skill-bar-bg {
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--border2);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .skill-bar-fill {
    position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0;
    width: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0,144,170,0.45) 0%, var(--accent2) 45%, #ffffff 50%, var(--accent2) 55%, rgba(0,144,170,0.45) 100%);
    background-size: 220% 100%;
    background-position: 200% 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,144,170,0.20);
    transition: width 1.35s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
    will-change: width, background-position;
  }
  .skill-bar-fill.is-loading {
    animation: skillBarShimmer 1.1s linear infinite;
  }
  .skill-bar-fill.is-loaded {
    animation: none;
    background: var(--accent2);
  }
  @keyframes skillBarShimmer {
    from { background-position: 200% 0; }
    to { background-position: -40% 0; }
  }
  .skill-pct {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
  }

  /* PROJECTS */
  #projects { background: var(--surface2); color: var(--text-dark); }
  .project-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 1px;
    background: var(--border);
  }
  .project-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 2rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: background 0.3s;
  }
  .project-card:hover { background: var(--surface); }
  .project-cat {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent2);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
  .project-title {
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--text-dark);
  }
  .project-desc {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  }
  .project-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.4rem; }
  .tag {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.62rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--muted-dark);
    border: 1px solid var(--border2);
    padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
  }
  .project-img-placeholder {
    width: 100%; height: 180px;
    background: var(--surface2);
    border: 1px dashed var(--border2);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
  }
  .placeholder-text {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: var(--border2);
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .project-number {
    position: absolute; right: 2rem; bottom: 2rem;
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 4rem;
    color: var(--border);
    line-height: 1;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  /* CERTIFICATIONS */
  #certifications { background: var(--bg); color: var(--text); }
  .cert-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
  .cert-item {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    border-radius: 28px;
    padding: 2.5rem 2.5rem 2.25rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.1rem;
    min-height: 340px;
    transition: background 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
  }
  .cert-item:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
    border-color: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.28);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
  .cert-head {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .cert-cat {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  .cert-date {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    color: var(--muted);
  }
  .cert-title {
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--text);
  }
  .cert-issuer-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }
  .cert-issuer {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  .cert-meta {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  }
  .cert-desc {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
    line-height: 1.75;
  }
  .cert-link {
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    transition: color 0.25s ease, gap 0.25s ease;
  }
  .cert-link::after {
    content: '\2192';
    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
  }
  .cert-link:hover { color: var(--accent); gap: 0.8rem; }
  .cert-link:hover::after { transform: translateX(2px); }

  /* CONTACT */
  #contact { background: var(--bg); }
  .contact-inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 5rem;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .contact-headline {
    font-family: var(--display);
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  }
  .contact-headline span { color: var(--accent); }
  .contact-sub {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
  }
  .contact-links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
  .contact-link {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    transition: border-color 0.2s, color 0.2s;
  }
  .contact-link:hover { border-color: var(--border2); color: var(--text); }
  .contact-icon {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--accent);
  }

  footer {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 2rem 4rem;
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  }
  .footer-text {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    nav { padding: 1rem 1.5rem; }
    .nav-links { gap: 1rem; }
    #hero, section, footer { padding-left: 1.5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; }
    .about-grid, .contact-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3rem; }
    .hero-stats { position: static; margin-top: 3rem; flex-direction: row; gap: 3rem; text-align: left; }
  }


  .diploma-meta-row.with-inline-logo {
    align-items: center;
  }
  .uni-with-logo-inline {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  .uni-inline-logo {
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 4px;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    display: inline-block;
  }
  .uir-inline-logo {
    width: 22px;
    height: 22px;
  }
  .exp-company-with-logo {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.7rem;
  }
  .exp-company-logo {
    width: 84px;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    border-radius: 14px;
  }

  .exp-company-logo-htl {
    width: 110px;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
  }


  /* Apple-like spacing and discipline refinements, color-preserving */
  body {
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    font-synthesis-weight: none;
  }

  nav {
    padding: 1rem 4.5rem;
  }

  .nav-links {
    gap: 2.15rem;
  }

  section {
    padding: 7.5rem 4.5rem;
  }

  #hero {
    min-height: 100vh;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 7.5rem 4.5rem;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .hero-grid {
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 0%, rgba(8, 28, 78, 0.10) 0%, transparent 36%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 0% 100%, rgba(6, 14, 56, 0.07) 0%, transparent 42%),
      linear-gradient(135deg, #000028 0%, #01012d 58%, #050537 100%);
  }

  .hero-tag {
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  }

  h1 {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  }

  .hero-desc {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-bottom: 2.4rem;
    font-size: 1.03rem;
    line-height: 1.85;
  }

  .hero-ctas {
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }

  .btn-primary,
  .btn-outline {
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .hero-stats {
    position: relative;
    right: auto;
    bottom: auto;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: 3.15rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 3.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  .section-header,
  .about-grid,
  .project-grid,
  .cert-list,
  .contact-inner,
  .exp-list,
  .diploma-grid {
    max-width: 1480px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: 4.75rem;
  }

  .about-grid {
    gap: 6rem;
    align-items: start;
  }

  #about .about-text img {
    display: block;
    border-radius: 30px;
  }

  .skills-grid,
  .project-grid,
  .diploma-grid {
    gap: 18px;
    background: transparent;
  }

  .cert-list {
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .skill-item,
  .project-card,
  .contact-link,
  .diploma-card {
    border-radius: 28px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .skill-item {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.6rem;
  }

  .project-card {
    padding: 2.35rem;
  }

  .contact-link {
    border-radius: 24px;
  }

  .exp-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .exp-item {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 28px;
    padding: 2.35rem 2.4rem;
    border-bottom: none;
  }

  .exp-item:first-child {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  }

  .diploma-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 2.7rem;
    border-radius: 30px;
  }

  .diploma-card::before {
    height: 4px;
  }

  .diploma-badges {
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }

  .badge {
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: #ffffff;
  }

  .badge-note {
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    padding-top: 1.25rem;
  }

  footer {
    padding: 2.4rem 4.5rem;
  }

  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    nav {
      padding: 0.95rem 1.6rem;
    }

    #hero,
    section,
    footer {
      padding-left: 1.6rem;
      padding-right: 1.6rem;
    }

    .about-grid,
    .contact-inner {
      gap: 3.5rem;
    }

    .exp-item {
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      gap: 1.5rem;
    }
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .hero-stats {
      gap: 1.6rem;
    }

    .skills-grid,
    .project-grid,
    .diploma-grid {
      gap: 14px;
    }

    .cert-list,
    .exp-list {
      gap: 14px;
    }

    .skill-item,
    .project-card,
    .cert-item,
    .contact-link,
    .diploma-card,
    .exp-item {
      border-radius: 22px;
    }
  }


  /* About section refinement */
  #about .skills-grid {
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  #about .skill-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    gap: 0.42rem;
    padding: 1.65rem 1.7rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(17,24,39,0.07);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15,23,42,0.05), 0 2px 8px rgba(15,23,42,0.035);
    transition: transform 0.22s ease, box-shadow 0.22s ease, border-color 0.22s ease;
  }

  #about .skill-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    border-color: rgba(17,24,39,0.11);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(15,23,42,0.09), 0 6px 14px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);
  }

  #about .skill-name {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.055em;
    margin-bottom: 0.12rem;
  }

  #about .skill-cert-line,
  #about .skill-cert-line-lss,
  #about .skill-cert-line-gdt,
  #about .skill-cert-line-ansys {
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  }

  #about .skill-bar-bg {
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 999px;
  }

  #about .skill-bar-fill {
    border-radius: 999px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(0,144,170,0.22);
  }

  #about .about-text img {
    border: 1px solid rgba(17,24,39,0.08) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(15,23,42,0.08), 0 4px 14px rgba(15,23,42,0.05);
    transition: transform 0.24s ease, box-shadow 0.24s ease, border-color 0.24s ease;
  }

  #about .about-text img:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    border-color: rgba(17,24,39,0.12) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(15,23,42,0.11), 0 8px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.07);
  }


  /* Academic credentials refinement */
  #diplomas .diploma-grid {
    gap: 22px;
    background: transparent;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 2.85rem 3rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(17,24,39,0.07);
    border-radius: 30px;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(15,23,42,0.055), 0 3px 10px rgba(15,23,42,0.035);
    transition: transform 0.24s ease, box-shadow 0.24s ease, border-color 0.24s ease;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    border-color: rgba(17,24,39,0.11);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 44px rgba(15,23,42,0.09), 0 8px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-card::before {
    height: 4px;
    border-radius: 999px;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-card::before {
    display: none !important;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-degree {
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-meta {
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-meta-row {
    align-items: center;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-meta-label {
    min-width: 96px;
  }

  #diplomas .diploma-badges {
    gap: 0.85rem;
    margin-top: 0.1rem;
  }

  #diplomas .badge {
    border: 1px solid rgba(17,24,39,0.09);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 0.95rem 1rem 0.9rem;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.035);
    transition: transform 0.22s ease, box-shadow 0.22s ease, border-color 0.22s ease;
  }

  #diplomas .badge:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: rgba(17,24,39,0.12);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(15,23,42,0.07), 0 4px 12px rgba(15,23,42,0.05);
  }

  #diplomas .badge-name {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  }

  #diplomas .badge-desc {
    line-height: 1.45;
  }

  #diplomas .badge-note {
    margin-top: 1.45rem;
    padding-top: 1.35rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(17,24,39,0.08);
  }

  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    #diplomas .diploma-card {
      padding: 2.35rem 2.2rem;
    }
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    #diplomas .diploma-grid {
      gap: 16px;
    }

    #diplomas .diploma-card {
      border-radius: 24px;
      padding: 2rem 1.35rem;
    }

    #diplomas .badge {
      border-radius: 16px;
    }
  }


  /* Apple-like nav translucency on scroll, but with a stable navy finish */
  nav {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 40, 0.96);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.05);
    transition: background 0.24s ease, backdrop-filter 0.24s ease, border-color 0.24s ease, box-shadow 0.24s ease;
  }

  nav.nav-scrolled {
    background: rgba(8, 12, 64, 0.92);
    backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.07);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(0, 0, 20, 0.16);
  }


  #about .about-photo-wrap {
    margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
  }

  #about .about-photo-caption {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent2);
    opacity: 0.95;
  }



  /* Uniform spacing system */
  :root {
    --space-section-y: 7rem;
    --space-section-x: 4.5rem;
    --space-header-bottom: 3.5rem;
    --space-grid: 1.5rem;
    --space-grid-large: 3.5rem;
    --space-card-padding: 2rem;
    --space-card-padding-lg: 2.5rem;
    --space-stack: 1.25rem;
  }

  section {
    padding: var(--space-section-y) var(--space-section-x);
  }

  #hero {
    padding: calc(var(--space-section-y) + 0.5rem) var(--space-section-x);
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-header-bottom);
  }

  .about-grid,
  .contact-inner {
    gap: var(--space-grid-large);
  }

  .skills-grid,
  .project-grid,
  .cert-list,
  .exp-list,
  .diploma-grid {
    gap: var(--space-grid) !important;
  }

  .skill-item,
  .project-card,
  .exp-item,
  .diploma-card,
  .cert-item {
    padding: var(--space-card-padding-lg);
  }

  .contact-links {
    gap: var(--space-grid);
  }

  .contact-link {
    padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
  }

  .hero-desc,
  .contact-sub,
  .project-desc,
  .cert-desc,
  .about-text p {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-stack);
  }

  .project-img-placeholder {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-stack);
  }

  .project-tags,
  .hero-ctas {
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }

  footer {
    padding: 2rem var(--space-section-x);
  }

  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    :root {
      --space-section-y: 5.5rem;
      --space-section-x: 1.75rem;
      --space-header-bottom: 2.75rem;
      --space-grid: 1.25rem;
      --space-grid-large: 2.5rem;
      --space-card-padding-lg: 2rem;
      --space-stack: 1rem;
    }
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    :root {
      --space-section-y: 4.5rem;
      --space-section-x: 1.25rem;
      --space-header-bottom: 2.25rem;
      --space-grid: 1rem;
      --space-grid-large: 2rem;
      --space-card-padding-lg: 1.5rem;
      --space-stack: 0.9rem;
    }

    .hero-stats {
      gap: var(--space-grid);
    }

    footer {
      padding: 1.5rem var(--space-section-x);
    }
  }

  .exp-company-with-logo {
    padding-left: 0.4rem;
  }



.exp-tag {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--accent2);
  border: 1px solid var(--accent2);
  padding: 0.42rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  line-height: 1;
}